Erica: Minor differences may be due to rounding error. Also, in case you're using Excel to do the actual calculations, note that many of Excel's statistical functions use notoriously bad / inaccurate algorithms (e.g. McCullough, 2005, 2008; Yalta, 2008; ). In case of the reversed sign, you have to take block order into account. I recommend you work through the various SPSS syntax procedures available for calculating D from the raw latency data.